POWER SYSTEMS ADVANCED COURSE-TRANSFORMER AND SWITCHGEAR PROTECTION

TRANSFORMER PROTECTION

• Transformer failures
• Quick review of protection principles and modern technology
• differences/advantages
• Guide for Power Transformer Protection (IEEE C37.91)
• .Discuss non-electrical protections
• Discuss electrical protections
• Overcurrent based
• Through fault protection
• .Overexcitation
• Differential.
• CT performance issue
• Transformer protection challenges
• Percentage differential characteristic
• Restraints for inrush and overexcitation
• Realization of settings
• .Analysis tools to view relay operation

SWITCHGEAR PROTECTION

1. Fundamentals of Power System Protection
2. Consequences of occurrence of fault
3. Zones of Protection
4. Protection System Requirements and some basic terminologies used
5. Classification and principle of different types of electromagnetic relays
6. Over current relays
7. Directional relay

8 Distance relay

9. Differential relay.
10. General equation of Comparators and the duality principle

PROTECTION OF FEEDERS

1 Over current and earth fault protection

2. Pilot wire protection
3. Carrier current protection

GENERATOR PROTECTION

1. Biased differential protection
2. Earth fault protection
3. Negative sequence protection

TRANSFORMER PROTECTION

1. Transformer Differential protection
2. Buchholz Relay